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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.

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Within China, termite species are limited to mild tropical and subtropical lands south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all environmental groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 classified species.34.

Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three environmental groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites reside in widely diverse regions.34 One species in the drywood category is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.

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Termites are usually modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The largest of all extant termites would be the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring around over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not own a set of eyes. However, some species, such as Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes that they utilize for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

Consistent with insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a set click to find out more of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen using 2 plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to those in cockroaches but are more simplified. By way of example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.

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Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females possess an ovipositor, a feature strikingly similar to this in female cockroaches.48.

The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only for a brief amount of time, so that they also rely on their legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have bigger and heavier legs.

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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which can be present in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly you can try this out in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.

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Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen Soccer Soldiers F Worker

Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The procedure for worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.

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Some termite species do not own a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that do the same job without differentiating as a separate caste.53.

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